AppDataLocalLowGame LabsUltimate Admiral Dreadnoughts ctrl+f "name":"britain","isMain" As result you will have array with British stats in the campaign. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. It will easy to flip over. 3K views 2 years ago Ultimate Admiral Dreadnoughts - Shipbuilding 101 How do you make your ships able to turn and avoid torpedoes. You just gotta know how to use them ;). Exponential speed limit for hulls: As ships reach a maximum speed barrier depending on the hull technology, then the engine weight needed to achieve a higher speed increases. Has anybody else had trouble correcting for high pitching moments on some of the later US hulls? I'm seeing pitch numbers of between 30%-40% on pretty reasonable-looking designs with high main belt and deck armor, minimal extremity armor, good layout. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts is a game like no other with a unique 3D ship design system and a really challenging and immersive campaign covering in detail the time period between 1890 - 1940+. There is no tutorial on this. Size of your ship or guns doesn't matter. mimezinga. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. Names of values speak by itself. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts > Technical Support > Topic Details. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. Pitch and Roll. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts > General Discussions > Topic Details. 1. 6, but I haven’t tried using them yet with those numbers - perhaps it will still work. #3. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. Ok, just how in the hull is one supposed to deal with pitch. Nor do i know how this works in game. 1 reply; 349 views; tvaishar; May 22; Why N3/G3 as one hull By Norbert Sattler,. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts - Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts aims to be the first game of its kind - a true naval warfare game - which offers a unique opportunity to design and build countless variations of realistic looking warships combined with an extremely in-depth and realistic combat model. Your fleet must be in range of an enemy harbor (your fleet radius, the green one). It applies a straight penalty to it. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. 3 or 0. And im just getting ships with 40 percent roll or pitch. But so many variables affect accuracy that there may be more to it. The interaction of ships with waves is now more characteristic depending on the weight offset, pitch/roll, beam/draught options chosen for their design. 5 Belt 3×4 torp tubes, 1 facing. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. Spotting mechanics finalization and various otherEven with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. Nor do i know how this works in game. A huge amount of firepower and decent accuracy, suffers from. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. Pitch, draught, and placement will all let you manage pitch. 5/1. The only changes I could do was for pitch/roll balancing. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. I'm using the Steam beta, is it just broken? I've had this issue since the pitch/roll patch was introduced. Nor do i know how this works in game. Naval Invasions are Rigged. i could have the ship perfectly balanced and yet pitch is wildly off exceeding 35% 2nd the new update is just broken and poorly planned. BB and run through it several times, it appears that the Ai greatly favors the NPC in:re the gunnery and. 2: once built, click on the port, select move, and move the ship where you want, you can take all or some ships, by manually clicking the ships or using the slider. Commit 10x the required tonnage at least. -try to minimize weight offset and pitch/roll-use best towers if possible-look at smoke interference, use better boiler tech to reduced the need of funnels or live with worse engine efficienceUltimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. Nor do i know how this works in game. 1. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. I am running 1. Just after 5-6 months war broke out, and the enemy always have (especially the British) 2-3x more BB than meg. Categories. But im not a naval engineer. Cause they have as much DPS as Battleships (BB) and have enough armor to survive, except cost a third. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. Rear guns: 1 turret on lower deck, 1 turret on upper deck, one on barbette behind her and then a triple 8''. What you do with outdated ships?I am running 1. 1. 1 Range 15k 2x2 9" 4x1 5" 4x2 4" 8x1 3" 2x2 2"Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts - Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts aims to be the first game of its kind - a true naval warfare game - which offers a unique opportunity to design and build countless variations of realistic looking warships combined with an extremely in-depth and realistic combat model. EasyRed. But im not a naval engineer. Anything below a BC in 1910 sea saws back and fourth like a fishing boat in a catagory 10 hurricane. Either im missing something on how to. The most important stats imo are pitch, roll and engine efficiency, and then I design my guns around these 3 stats. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. BrotherMunro's video: Elite's video: Strategy Gamer: bu. kf. Thanks anyway though. We'd come from Salt. 06 is finally available for all players! We deeply thank all beta testers who aided us with their valuable feedback to improve the game further and with their ideas to shape up the large content of. I think this should be helpful: 1. 28. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. 06 Feedback<<< (FINAL UPDATE 6th Release Candidate). Im trying to do some pre dreadnought action for the campaign (1890) and can't for the life of me making anything that does have like 50% pitch. Insert image from URL. Intended role- destroys everything 9/10. What you have to look for, in ship design is to have the lower number possible at accuary penalities modifiers (IIRC it s in accuracy section, itself between gun and armor). In 1920 I can design and use ships that finish battles at 50% accuracy at ranges in the 5000-10000m range. You can have a wing turret up front and an equal. このゲームについて. but surely there is a. Hello Admirals, We are very happy to announce the next large update of Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts! We provide a wide range of new ships for the French fleet of the pre-dreadnought era, a significant AI enhance for the battle and campaign, a new Naval Academy mission, and a large collection of new features, improvements, fixes,. But im not a naval engineer. Seems working randomly at times. So total: 5x3 12''/76. , items that note +5% flaws or whatever) is the roll of the dice multiplier of the shipbuilding function. Game Engine: Unity. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. We are absolutely excited with what we are making and we hope. Heavy belt armoring reduces pitch/roll percentages. 000 tons (or what is written there) there. I try to limit all my builds to no more than 95% of max. We are absolutely excited with what we are making. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. Purpose is to start fires on the enemy superstructure. Pitch and Roll in the early game are really really high in comparison to anything late game right now with the citadel changes. but surely there is a. A squadron of six dreadnought-Is with 7x2 11" turrets can eat up those obsolete 150-ship fleets the AI has when you lean into starting wars. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. Thanks for the answer this clear it up for me. As often we put superstructure on the center of the ship, the more weight it has, the better the pitch will be. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. von Schweinehund Dec 31, 2022 @ 1:09am. Turn of HUD? Ive been looking for a hotkey to turn off the hud for better screenshots and cinematic recording. - Adjustments to the ship physics to lessen the pitch motion. Seems working randomly at times. DKman24. But usually the ship can't have such. Newbie question. But yes BBs have the best stability followed by CA. This guide will be up to date as of September of 2023. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. #4. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. - The new pitch & roll mechanic - The new gun caliber // - The new gun barrell // - The new citadel // - The new shell dispersion // - The long campaign experience, with peace and politics mechanics for the first time. Se connecter Magasin Accueil Liste de découvertes Liste de souhaits Boutique des points Actualités StatistiquesUltimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts - Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts aims to be the first game of its kind - a true naval warfare game - which offers a unique opportunity to design and build countless variations of realistic looking warships combined with an extremely in-depth and realistic combat model. 3 or 0. Seems working randomly at times. - Main Guns sometimes just stop shooting. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts Campaign Guide & General Tips Intro/Disclaimer. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. Seems working randomly at times. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. Iniciar sesión Tienda Inicio Lista de descubrimientos Lista de deseados Tienda de puntos Noticias EstadísticasThe interaction of ships with waves is now more characteristic depending on the weight offset, pitch/roll, beam/draught options chosen for their design. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts work in progress. I tend to keep them around 20-35. GrimReaperHUN Jul 19, 2022 @ 8:02am. Anything less than this and the shell tries to penetrate 100% of the time. Make secondary to the max allowed caliber. You just gotta know how to use them ;). The ai in this game has way higher accuracy than player ships. A very durable and agile battleship but lacks the firepower to deal with small ships. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. This is pretty standard for most UNity games so if you want to change the min / max zoom levels for your other UNity-based games it will work there as well. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts update for 6 July 2022 Major Update v1. Minimize displacement and get speed up to somewhere around 26-28knots. But im not a naval engineer. Refit is irritating. You. Seems working randomly at times. I am running 1. built only BB/BCs focused on long-range fire. And no, my offsets (for/aft) are either 0. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the. Pitch and roll is about weight distribution. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts ; Shipyard Discussions - Ship designer, Warships and their components Shipyard Discussions - Ship designer, Warships and their components. . Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. Mar 4 @ 9:50am "Are one barreled main guns more effective than two? Or how I learned to stop worrying and love the ammo detonation. . 05 beta feedback: gun aiming issue. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts - Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts aims to be the first game of its kind - a true naval warfare game - which offers a unique opportunity to design and build countless variations of realistic looking warships combined with an extremely in-depth and realistic combat model. 05. Better off just building small BB's and BC's. 1. Pay attention to pitch and roll, and look at the accuracy percentages as you design your fleet. 2. 5% Flash fire chance -7. Seems working randomly at times. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. I use a mix of 8. 6 either way. 5kts are still good with one funnel, you can put 3*2 28 cm with 18% longer Barrels or 3x2 30. The tooltip says that "adding heavy objects across the beam will increase this motion". And im just getting ships with 40 percent roll or pitch. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. Nor do i know how this works in game. Same goes for the towers/bridges. Under 'Stats' it's generally a good idea to check Pitch & Roll as it has some stat changes. There was no point. The Emperor Of Mankind. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. The US Pensacola and Salt Lake City were very top. Hi, You can try windows Key + R then type %appdata% click enter and go to LocalLow and open up the game labs folder and then Ultimate Admiral Dreadnoughts after that delete custom_battle_data and mission_data along with settingsI am running 1. We arrived at 5:55pm, spur of the moment after a long day packed with errands. Ninjafroggie Feb 25 @ 8:46pm. 06 is finally available for all players! We deeply thank all beta testers who aided us with their valuable. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. 4: your ships are now in sea control. Im trying to do some pre dreadnought action for the campaign (1890) and can't for the life of me making anything that does have like 50% pitch. 7 % hit chance while they have a 20 or 30% even though im way more advanced and have trained crew, im at. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts aims to be the first game of its kind - a true naval warfare game - which offers a unique opportunity to design and build countless variations of realistic looking warships combined with an extremely in-depth and realistic combat model. Ditch any gun smaller than that. It depends. Increase the width of the hull will help that, or you can add more armor to "pull" your center of mass lower a bit. 4 Roll 10 Speed 26. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. It’s really fun pitching your creations against the enemy fleet. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. There is no tutorial on this. Mobzonk Nov 26, 2022 @ 2:50pm. I get that its to balance the game but this is just straight up stupid at this point, like at 2 km, i have a 0. 9" +15% barrel on the aft. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. i changed ammo from high he to even he ap and it increased the ships pitch. Does having stable ship design with perfect roll, pitch and balanced weight between fore and aft also boost main gun accuracy?Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnought is one of the more entertaining naval combat games in recent history. Darrick Carter. War-Damn-America • 2 yr. but surely there is a. 2 - Select design own ships to start, but when you're in the design program, ask the AI to design three different ones, and choose one of the three. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. Size of your ship or guns doesn't matter. Sinjen Blackstar 2 hours ago. ，“超级战舰”1v9，大舰巨炮. 0. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. There is no tutorial on this. When you launch a campaing, the game will design all the ships of every nation. I am a rear admiral in the game, with top notch production facilities, crew, and ships. Game Version: Alpha-2 v63. But im not a naval engineer. Ok, just how in the hull is one supposed to deal with pitch. Nothing I do does anything. Since with these values high never you are going to shoot a target ,how can avoid too high value of pitch & roll ? Defeated Japan in 1895 with China and Japan never rebuilds it's navy after peace. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. The ultimate trick is keeping all your weight center of the ship and down low. A Screenshot of Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. Make big DDs at a 2 to 1 ratio with the BBs until you get Radar II. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. I am running 1. it is literally what you asked. There is no tutorial on this. @BrotherMunro: you have a good answer already. But im not a naval engineer. Liondrome Jun 24, 2022 @ 9:40am. I have a new comp thats decently beefy with a very fast hard drive and it still takes several minutes to start up a new game. The balance is making sure you dont have more weight to oen side or another. you have no. I am running 1. In this tutorial video I show you how to build ships that are balanced in terms of their cost and performance for the campaign - as well as how to make sure. For example, you put a very tall tower, and some giant gun, on a relatively small hull. Because even you assign all your ship to focus on invade, your ships might be distracted by something else (renegade enemy ships, routine maintenance, some emergency etc etc) it is better prepare 5 times of tonnage, so you need about 500,000+ tons, in case if some ships get. Zuul. But im not a naval engineer. We are absolutely excited with what we are making. 9 Speed 24. On picture 3, remove the double 6 inch forward and put a centerline one. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. And im just getting ships with 40 percent roll or pitch. The design focus of the DDs should be speed, range and firepower (not torps, 1 tube). Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating. 000 CAs and 3. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. Nor do i know how this works in game. 1. 4 Feedback<<< [Final. true. 3% accuracy at 10km stock), mark3 375mm for my BCs (3% accuracy at 10km stock). 3. WOTS is a bit better at the strategic level. . We are very happy to announce the next major update of Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts! The campaign has received not only a map expansion but a crucial new functionality which allows you to create Task Forces. So I'm trying to work through the training missions with varied success. Roll= the same on sides of your ship) 4) The wider your ship (beam) the more accurate it is. About This Game. . Edit 2: just realized you wanted the naval academy saves. It is perfectly balanced, has good pitch (21. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts work in progress. WOTS is a bit better at the strategic level. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. A BB can save thousands of tons this way. Barely an inconvenience. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. #2. Either im missing something on how to correct pitch or its bugged. Seems working randomly at times. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts - Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts aims to be the first game of its kind - a true naval warfare game - which offers a unique opportunity to design and build countless variations of realistic looking warships combined with an extremely in-depth and realistic combat model. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. Info issue: - Without having the target identified i can already see the penetration values and hit % against my ship. UA Dreadnoughts Campaign: Actually Capturing Territories . All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews. im using 5inch for small ships and 10-11 inch for bigs. but surely there is a. As an example here’s my recreated King. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. Community. I noticed 200mm tends to be more accurate than main guns,. There is no tutorial on this. Ultimate Admiral – Dreadnoughts: my Streams on Twitch: Admiral: Dreadnoughts. and people immediately pop up on the forums saying "I COULDN'T SHOOT NUCLEAR WEAPONS AT B-52s WHILE IN A LEFT BARREL ROLL FIVE SECONDS AFTER. And im just getting ships with 40 percent roll or pitch. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. Torpedo Boats. Every gun on the bow or aft, every gun on the broadside, all contribute to pitch or roll instability, which will impact your ship's stability regardless of fixing the offset. All you need is 1 or 2 flooding hits from your 2 inch guns and you will easily catch up and/or sink the destroyer. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. im playing with 1890 Japanese. Nor do i know how this works in game. Just about all. And im just getting ships with 40 percent roll or pitch. This scenario definitely needs a re-work. Gotten down to the BC v. And im just getting ships with 40 percent roll or pitch. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. Once you have more accurate guns, all. 9 million when fully decked out. Originally posted by JaM:So how does this tanslate to the game, I believe there is a perfect pen zone. -Adjust the beam/draft sliders. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. " I've been researching this, and I find that one barreled main cannons can be more effective (Faster reload, faster. - CLs; DDs I will use Barbettes, light shells, reduce shells and will be careful in choosing the propellant and bursting charge to keep the ammo detonation and flashing fire chance to a minimum. The game wants turrets moved as far to the bow and stern of the ship as possible just to get the numbers into the yellow zone. And im just getting ships with 40 percent roll or pitch. I am running 1. Or am I missing something. you wanted to know the benefit of in being. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. But im not a naval engineer. And im just getting ships with 40 percent roll or pitch. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. #6. A cheaper and more agile version of the dreadnought 3 makes it a better choice for this role. 5% Ammo Detionation -7. Seems working randomly at times. Pitch/roll & fore/aft weight distribution. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. Even with larger ships you have to make the deck armor 10 inches thick to get the ship evened out, but light cruisers and destroyers have debilitating pitch and absolutely unrecoverable roll that cannot be corrected for, no mater where, or what components you use. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. But im not a naval engineer. Zero offset, ~10-12 pitch, ~1-2 roll, Rng-S5 + Radar Gen2 and mark2 450mm for my BBs (2. Seems working randomly at times. Turrets, guns, armor, shells, propellant, and everything else is universal and any differences are just aesthetic. What does this mean? I like building and designing ships. The interaction of ships with waves is now more characteristic depending on the weight offset, pitch/roll, beam/draught options chosen for their design. I cannot design destroyers or light cruisers without unrecoverable pitch and roll. #5. 108. Nor do i know how this works in game. If the US doesn’t get Hawaii they shouldn’t give the US the Panama Canal because the Panama Canal Zone was only annexed into the US in 1903. But im not a naval engineer. A ship with over 45% roll would capsize in any kind of sea other than a flat calm. Can I see your ship designs? because I have no such problem when my ships pitch/roll all lower than 20%. 8K subscribers Subscribe 1. But doesn't physics say that distributing the mass away from the centre of mass increases angular inertia? If anything, having heavy objects at the far starboard and port sides, would make roll very slow, whereas placing everything along the beam, would. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. and I like that I as the military type, don't have complete control over every rivet and gun placement, only general control over the basic. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts > General Discussions > Topic Details. #7. The way combat plays now it feels. ==v1. What is the best speed for accurate broadside main gun fire? I'm guessing flank is the worse but is slow more stable than half? Does this game even take that into consideration. Ultimate Admiral: Dreadnoughts. By: the Baron. the objective isn't to win battles as a real life admiral, it is exactly that in this game. 06 with the latest patch and I am having an issue with both pitch and roll numbers going into the red when I build on the modern battleship hull, though it affects others too. Taskmaster Challenge 12h April 2022 ‘Wanna Bet?’ Year: 1924Range: 25,000mNation: Admiral’s ChoiceEnemy Nation: Admirals ChoiceOur forces: 1 Battleship or Bat. And no, my offsets (for/aft) are either 0.